Most ovarian masses in children are not malignant.[ 1] The most common malignant neoplasms are germ cell tumors, followed by epithelial tumors, stromal tumors, and then other tumors such as Burkitt lymphoma.[ 2, 3, 4, 5] Most malignant ovarian tumors occur in girls aged 15 to 19 years.[ 6] References: . Lawrence AE...
Malignant pancreatic tumors are rare in children and adolescents, with an incidence of 0.46 cases per 1 million individuals younger than 30 years.[ 1, 2, 3, 4] The primary pancreatic tumors of childhood can be classified into the following four categories: . Solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas...
Pancreatic cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the pancreas. The pancreas is a gland about 6 inches long that is shaped like a thin pear lying on its side. The wider end of the pancreas is called the head, the middle section is called the body, and the narrow end is called the...
Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma are rare catecholamine-producing tumors with a combined annual incidence of three cases per 1 million individuals. These tumors are also rare in the pediatric and adolescent population, accounting for approximately 20% of all cases.[ 1, 2] References: . Barontini M, Levin G, Sanso G...
Pheochromocytoma forms in the adrenal gland. Pheochromocytoma forms in the adrenal gland. There are two adrenal glands, one on top of each kidney in the back of the upper abdomen. Each adrenal gland has two parts. The outer layer of the adrenal gland is the adrenal cortex. The center of the adrenal gland is the adrenal...
Pleuropulmonary blastoma is a rare and highly aggressive pulmonary malignancy that can present as a pulmonary or pleural mass. In most cases, pleuropulmonary blastoma is associated with germline pathogenic variants of the DICER1 gene. The International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma/DICER1 Registry is a valuable resource for...
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) occur throughout the body, but the lungs are the most commonly involved organs. IMTs are one of the most frequent lung tumors in children, accounting for between 16% and 38% of cases in various series.[ 1, 2, 3] The biology of IMT is variable, with the potential for local...
Continual improvements in survival have been achieved for children and adolescents with cancer.[ 1] Between 1975 and 2020, childhood cancer mortality decreased by more than 50%.[ 1, 2, 3] Between 1975 and 2017, the 5-year relative survival rate for patients with rhabdomyosarcoma increased from 53% to 71% for children...
Childhood rhabdomyosarcoma is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in muscle tissue. Rhabdomyosarcoma is a type of sarcoma. Sarcoma is cancer of soft tissue (such as muscle), connective tissue (such as tendon or cartilage), or bone. Rhabdomyosarcoma usually begins in muscles that are attached to bones and...
Salivary gland tumors are abnormal growths that can form in the salivary glands. They can be benign (not cancer) or malignant (cancerous). Although benign tumors do not spread to other parts of the body, they may require treatment to stop them from continuing to grow and press on nearby tissue. Cancerous tumors can...
Incidence. Salivary gland tumors are rare and account for 0.5% of all malignancies in children and adolescents. After rhabdomyosarcoma, they are the most common tumor in the head and neck.[ 1, 2] Salivary gland tumors may occur after radiation therapy and chemotherapy are given for the treatment of primary leukemia or...
Dramatic improvements in survival have been achieved for children and adolescents with cancer. Between 1975 and 2020, childhood cancer mortality decreased by more than 50%.[ 1, 2, 3] Childhood and adolescent cancer survivors require close monitoring because cancer therapy side effects may persist or develop months or...
Childhood soft tissue sarcoma is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in soft tissues of the body. Soft tissues of the body connect, support, and surround other body parts and organs. The soft tissue include the following: Fat. A mix of bone and cartilage. Fibrous tissue. Muscles. Nerves. Tendons (bands of...
Childhood stomach cancer is a very rare cancer that starts in the cells lining the stomach. The stomach is an organ on the left side of the upper abdomen that digests food. The stomach is part of the digestive tract, a series of hollow, muscular organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus. The...
Testicular tumors in children can form in the tissue of one or both testicles. These tumors can be benign (not cancer) or malignant (cancerous). Benign tumors do not spread to other parts of the body. However, they may grow and press on nearby tissues, causing discomfort or other problems. Malignant tumors may spread to...
Testicular tumors are very rare in young boys and account for 1% to 2% of all childhood tumors.[ 1, 2] The most common testicular tumors are benign teratomas, followed by malignant nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. For more information, see Childhood Extracranial Germ Cell Tumors Treatment. Non–germ cell tumors such as...
Thymoma and thymic carcinoma originate within the epithelial cells of the thymus, resulting in an anterior mediastinal mass. The term thymoma is customarily used to describe neoplasms that show no overt atypia of the epithelial component.[ 1] Thymic carcinoma or type C thymoma is a thymic epithelial tumor that exhibits...
Thymoma and thymic carcinoma are diseases in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the thymus. Thymoma and thymic carcinoma are two types of cancer that can form in the cells that cover the outside surface of the thymus. The thymus is a small organ in the upper chest under the breastbone. It is part of the lymph system...
Thyroid cancer in children is a rare cancer that forms in the thyroid, a butterfly-shaped gland at the base of the throat near the windpipe (also called the trachea). The thyroid gland has a right lobe and a left lobe that is connected by a thin piece of tissue called the isthmus. Although thyroid cancer can affect...
In the United States, the annual incidence of thyroid cancers is 10.7 cases per 1 million people aged 0 to 19 years. The incidence is higher in females than in males (17.6 vs. 4.1 cases per 1 million people, respectively) and lower in Black people than in White people (3.9 vs. 11.8 cases per 1 million people...
Tracheobronchial tumors are rare, abnormal growths that form in the windpipe (trachea) or the large airways in the lungs called the bronchi. They can be benign (not cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Benign tumors are more common in children. If a child has a benign tumor, they may need treatment to prevent the tumor...
Primary lung tumors are rare in children and histologically quite diverse.[ 1] A review of primary malignant epithelial lung tumors using the National Cancer Database found that the most common primary malignant pediatric lung neoplasms were carcinoid tumors (63%), followed by mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lung...
While information about vascular malformations is covered at the beginning of this summary, the remainder of this summary focuses on tumors, not malformations. Although not considered tumors, many vascular malformations are caused by targetable somatic variants. This discovery means that pediatric oncologists will be...
Childhood vascular tumors can form anywhere in the body from abnormal blood vessel or lymph vessel cells. These tumors may be benign (not cancer) or malignant (cancer). There are many types of vascular tumors. The most common type of childhood vascular tumor is infantile hemangioma, which is a benign tumor that usually...
Learn what's safe—and what isn't—when it comes to your child and over-the-counter cold remedies.
Find out what it means to be a kid with type 2 diabetes.
A growth chart is a graph used to track a child's growth and development over time. At each of your child's well-child visits, the doctor will measure: Length (height). A baby's length is measured while lying down, from the top of the head to the bottom of the foot. Older children are measured standing up with heels...
Provides links to info on child growth and development topics. Also includes links to info on illnesses that might affect a child's health. Topics listed include immunizations, healthy eating for children, and asthma in children.
Chili pepper burns are caused by an irritating substance found in the skin of the pepper. This burn can feel like a sunburn, a throbbing and prickling feeling, or a very intense, hot pain. The best treatment is to wash the area with soap and water and then put a large amount of vegetable oil on the area for at least an...
Botanical names: Capsicum annuum var. annuum How It Works Chili peppers contain a resinous and pungent substance known as capsaicin. Topical application of capsaicin relieves pain and itching by acting on sensory nerves. 1 Capsaicin temporarily depletes “substance P”, a chemical in nerves that transmits pain sensations...
