In the lungs, oxygen and carbon dioxide (a waste product of body processes) are exchanged. This happens in the tiny air sacs (alveoli) at the end of the bronchial tubes. The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries. When a person inhales, oxygen moves from the alveoli to the capillaries. From there it goes into the...
Briefly discusses the common causes of gas, bloating, and burping, including food, drink, medicines, and health conditions. Offers interactive tool to help decide when to seek care. Also offers home treatment tips.
Gas, burping, and bloating are common after you swallow air, eat foods that cause gas, or drink carbonated beverages. This is normal and usually can be helped by making some simple changes. The amount of gas that different foods cause varies from person to person. Examples of gas-producing foods are: Peas, lentils, and...
A band is placed around the upper part of the stomach, creating a pouch. The band is adjustable, so the size of the opening between the pouch and the stomach can be adjusted.
Discusses gastric bypass surgery to treat obesity. Discusses why and when it is done. Covers laparoscopic and open Roux-en-Y surgery. Discusses risks during and after surgery.
Gastric bypass is surgery to make the stomach smaller and change the connection between the stomach and the intestines. The small intestine is attached to a new opening made in the stomach (above the double row of staples). The two parts of the small intestine are connected so that the unused part of the stomach can drain.
Incidence and Mortality. Estimated new cases and deaths from gastric cancer in the United States in 2024:[ 1] New cases: 26,890. Deaths: 10,880. Epidemiology. Management of adenocarcinoma histology, which accounts for 90% to 95% of all gastric malignancies, is discussed in this summary. Changing epidemiological patterns...
Stomach (gastric) cancer is cancer that starts in the cells lining the stomach. The stomach is an organ on the left side of the upper abdomen that digests food. The stomach is part of the digestive tract, a series of hollow, muscular organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus. The digestive tract...
Looks at sleeve gastrectomy, a type of weight-loss surgery for obesity. Explains what it is and why it is done. Looks at how it is done and what to expect after surgery. Also covers risks.
In gastric sleeve surgery, part of the stomach is removed to make it smaller. This leaves a vertical sleeve, or tube, about the size of a banana. With a smaller stomach, you will feel less hungry and feel full a lot sooner than you are used to. This can help you eat less and lose weight.
Learn how gastric sleeve surgery is done and what to expect after surgery.
Get tips on how to take care of yourself at home after you have gastric sleeve surgery.
A gastrin test measures the level of the hormone gastrin in the blood. Gastrin is produced by cells, called G cells, in the stomach lining. When food enters the stomach, G cells trigger the release of gastrin in the blood. As blood levels of gastrin rise, the stomach releases acid (gastric acid) that helps break down...
What is gastritis? Gastritis is an upset stomach. It happens when something irritates the stomach lining. Normally, a layer of mucus protects the stomach lining. If gastritis occurs for a long time, part of this lining may wear away. This causes sores called ulcers. What causes it? Many things can cause gastritis, such...
Gastritis is inflammation or irritation of the stomach lining, which can be caused by some medicines (such as aspirin or anti-inflammatory medicines), overuse of alcohol, bacterial infection, or stomach acid. Symptoms of gastritis include pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen, bloating, nausea, and sometimes vomiting...
A dull ache in your belly may be a sign of gastritis, an inflammation of the stomach lining. First uncover the cause. Then control the discomfort. According to research or other evidence, the following self-care steps may be helpful. Get to know gamma oryzanol Take 300 mg a day of this supplement to improve gastritis...
Discusses gastroenteritis (also called stomach flu) caused by a virus or bacteria. Covers symptoms like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever. Offers home treatment tips. Also offers prevention tips. Covers when you should seek care.
Gastroenterologists are medical doctors who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the digestive system, such as hepatitis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and colon or rectal cancer. Gastroenterologists may perform many specialized tests, such as endoscopy, to diagnose or treat diseases. When...
Discusses gastroesophageal reflux disease. Covers its main symptom of heartburn, caused by stomach acid and juices flowing from the stomach back into the esophagus. Covers treatment with medicines and surgery. Offers tips on lifestyle changes to help manage GERD.
Reflux means that stomach acid and juices move back up into your esophagus, the tube that leads from the throat to the stomach. This can cause heartburn, regurgitation, ulcers, and pain and inflammation in your esophagus (esophagitis). When you have heartburn or regurgitation that bothers you often, it's called...
In GERD, the valve at the top of the stomach (where the stomach and the esophagus connect) does not close tightly enough. This allows the contents of the stomach to move up into the esophagus. GERD usually causes a feeling of burning, warmth, heat, or pain that often starts in the upper part of your belly, just below...
Put a freeze on frequent heartburn. Find out if GERD may be causing that uncomfortable burning sensation, then care for the symptoms. According to research or other evidence, the following self-care steps may be helpful. Try a little licorice Support mucous-membrane healing by chewing 250 to 500 mg of...
Gastroesophageal reflux is a backflow (reflux or regurgitation) of food and stomach acid into the esophagus, which is the tube that connects the throat to the stomach. When reflux irritates the lining of the esophagus and causes burning pain, difficulty eating, weight loss, or other problems, it is called...
What is gastroesophageal reflux in babies and children? Gastroesophageal reflux is a backflow (reflux or regurgitation) of food and stomach acid into the esophagus. This is the tube that connects the throat to the stomach. When reflux irritates the lining of the esophagus and causes burning pain, difficulty eating...
Gastrointestinal complications such as constipation, fecal impaction, bowel obstruction, diarrhea, and radiation enteritis are common problems for patients with cancer. The growth and spread of cancer, as well as its treatment, contribute to these conditions. This summary reviews the definitions, causes, assessment, and...
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is part of the digestive system, which processes nutrients in foods that are eaten and helps pass waste material out of the body. The GI tract includes the stomach and intestines (bowels). . The esophagus and stomach are part of the upper gastrointestinal (digestive) system. Food moves...
Epidemiology. The age-adjusted incidence of neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumors worldwide is approximately 2 per 100,000 people.[ 1, 2] The average age at diagnosis is 61.4 years.[ 3] Neuroendocrine tumors (also called NETs) represent about 0.5% of all newly diagnosed malignancies.[ 2, 3] Anatomy. Neuroendocrine tumors...
A gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumor is cancer that forms in the lining of the gastrointestinal tract. . The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is part of the body's digestive system, a series of hollow, muscular organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus. The digestive tract processes nutrients...
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor is a disease in which abnormal cells form in the tissues of the gastrointestinal tract. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is part of the body's digestive system. It helps to digest food and takes nutrients (vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and water) from food so they...
Incidence. GISTs comprise less than 1% of all gastrointestinal (GI) tumors but are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the GI tract.[ 1, 2, 3] There are estimated to be over 6,000 new GIST cases per year in the United States, with an age-adjusted yearly incidence of 6.78 per million from 2001 to 2011. GISTs can affect...
