Functional Ovarian Cysts

Condition Basics

What are functional ovarian cysts?

A functional ovarian cyst, Opens dialog is a fluid-filled sac that forms on an ovary, Opens dialog. A sac normally forms during ovulation, Opens dialog to hold a maturing egg. Usually the sac goes away after the egg is released. But if an egg isn't released, or if the sac closes up after the egg is released, the sac can swell up with fluid.

During the normal monthly menstrual cycle, one of two types of functional cysts may form.

  • A follicular cyst. This type occurs when a sac on the ovary doesn't release an egg and the sac swells up with fluid.
  • A luteal cyst. This type occurs when the sac releases an egg and then reseals and fills with fluid.

What causes them?

A functional ovarian cyst is caused by slight changes in the way the ovary makes or releases an egg. A cyst may form when a sac on the ovary doesn't release an egg, and the sac swells with fluid. Or the sac may release an egg and then reseal and fill with fluid.

What are the symptoms?

Most functional ovarian cysts don't cause symptoms. The larger the cyst is, the more likely you'll have symptoms. Symptoms include pelvic pain, pain with intercourse, lower belly pain, and changes to your period.

How are they diagnosed?

If you see your doctor for pelvic pain or bleeding, you'll be checked for problems that may be causing your symptoms. Your doctor may find an ovarian cyst during a pelvic exam, Opens dialog. You may have a pelvic ultrasound, Opens dialog to see if the cyst is filled with fluid.

How are functional ovarian cysts treated?

Most functional ovarian cysts go away without treatment. Your doctor may suggest using heat and medicine to relieve minor pain. Surgery can remove a large cyst that bleeds or causes severe pain. Your doctor may suggest that you take birth control pills, which stop ovulation. This may prevent new cysts from forming.

Information about Functional Ovarian Cysts

Current as of: April 30, 2024

Author: Ignite Healthwise, LLC Staff

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